幂律型流体雾化SPH方法数值分析

幂律型流体的雾化过程存在复杂的界面运动,用传统网格法很难精确追踪运动界面.为研究幂律型流体的雾化特性,运用SPH方法对典型的双股幂律型流体撞击雾化问题进行三维数值分析.根据文献实验,采用SPH方法模拟获得与实验条件相应的数值结果,对比后表明,二者雾化角相当吻合,数值结果还成功捕捉到液膜向液丝的破碎过程及网状的液丝分布状态,验证了方法的有效性.分析了射流速度和撞击角度对雾化角的影响,得到雾化角随着射流速度和撞击角度的增加而增大;对雾化后的速度场进行数值分析后表明,撞击点附近,惯性力的作用使速度场变化剧烈;在流体远离撞击点的过程中,粘性耗散作用使速度场趋于稳定,但速度大小小于初始撞击速度.     

Evaluation of a combined electrostatic and magnetostatic configuration for active space-radiation shielding

Developing successful and optimal solutions to mitigating the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is critical for the success of deep-space explorations. A recent report (Tripathi et al., 2008) had explored the feasibility of using electrostatic shielding. Here, we continue to extend the electrostatic shielding strategy and examine a hybrid configuration that utilizes both electrostatic and magnetostatic fields. The main advantages of this system are shown to be: (i) a much better shielding and repulsion of incident ions from both solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR), (ii) reductions in the power requirement for re-charging the electrostatic sub-system, and (iii) low requirements of the magnetic fields that are well below the thresholds set for health and safety for long-term exposures. Furthermore, our results show transmission levels reduced to levels as low as 30% for energies around 1000 MeV, and near total elimination of SPE radiation by these hybrid configurations. It is also shown that the power needed to replenish the electrostatic charges due to particle hits from the GCR and SPE radiation is minimal.     

基于超高速碰撞仿真的卫星碰撞解体碎片分析

使用超高速碰撞数值仿真技术,结合自主开发的碎片识别统计方法,以Iridium33与Cosmos2251卫星在轨撞击解体事件为例,进行了在轨卫星碰撞解体碎片分析.通过有限元方法(FEM)与光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)的复合算法,从图形角度识别出碎片云中的大碎片,然后利用二值图转换与二值图连通域的快速统计,提取出了碎片数目...     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

不等温空腔的有效发射率计算

采用Monte-Carlo法对不等温空腔的有效发射率进行计算分析,讨论了腔壁的不等温性、材料的光谱发射率和方向发射率对法向有效发射率的影响,为黑体辐射源的设计提供了理论计算依据。     

冰雹的数值模拟方法初探

冰雹的撞击对于飞机的整个结构存在着巨大的威胁,偶尔的一次遭遇冰雹袭击也是对飞机结构性能的严峻考验。由于实验测试需要投入大量的人力财力,因此,建立冰雹的数学模型显得尤为重要。目前所建立的数值模型主要有三种：有限元（FE）模型,任意拉格朗日一欧拉（ALE）模型和光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）模型。首先论证了这些数值模型与实验测试结果吻合的情况,接着模拟了冰雹撞击飞机发动机进气道的过程,最后通过对这三种冰雹模型的比较,得出了SPH模型是分析冰雹撞击飞机问题的最有效、最好的模型的结论。     

一种适用于颗粒非规则分布的阻止SPH数值断裂的方法

 〖HT5”H〗摘〓要〖HTSS〗: 光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法已广泛应用于航空航天领域中大变形的碰撞计算。数值断裂是SPH计算中一种常见问题,可严重影响计算结果。把适用于颗粒规则分布的阻止SPH数值断裂的方法推广到颗粒非规则分布的情形,得到了一种适用于颗粒非规则分布的阻止数值断裂的加颗粒方法。然后将该方法应用于存在数值断裂的悬臂梁弯曲仿真计算,验证了其有效性。最后把该方法应用于弹丸撞击飞机蒙皮的非规则颗粒模型计算,并和规则颗粒模型得到的结果及试验结果进行比较。对比结果表明：对于非规则分布的颗粒模型,该加颗粒方法可有效地阻止数值断裂,提高计算精度,并可较为普遍使用。     

SPH方法在层裂损伤模拟中的应用

采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法和Johnson—Cook拉伸累积损伤破坏模型,分别对工业纯铁和无氧铜两种材料的平面碰撞问题作了数值模拟。给出了靶板层裂损伤的二维数值模拟结果。通过对比自由面速度曲线的计算结果和实验数据,二者吻合的很好,验证了SPH方法层裂破坏问题数值模拟的有效性。通过分析由不同拉伸损伤时间常数得到的自由面速度曲线,表明拉伸损伤时间常数对计算结果有重要影响。     

Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

一种W—V型宽带微带天线的设计与仿真

提出一种新型的宽带微带探针馈电贴片天线。天线采用空气介质层,在W形接地板顶端利用同轴探针馈电V形贴片电线,这种设计使探针在介质基板中长度较短,产生的电感较小,同时增加了介质基板的厚度,因此使天线得到较大的工作带宽。选择合适的天线尺寸,通过仿真软件HFSS测出的阻抗带宽（VSWR≤1．5）达到48．6％,覆盖2．12GHz-3．48GHz（S波段）频率范围。